Image Credits

1. Detail from 'Hibernia: Insula non procul ab Anglia vulgare Hirlandia vocata', a map produced by John Goghe in 1567; printed in John T. Gilbert (ed.), Facsimiles of national manuscripts of Ireland[...] (4 vols, Dublin 1874-1884), vol. 4, pt. 1, no. V (E2).
2. Galloglass Gravestone, from Clonca, County Donegal, this cast is preserved at the Croke Park Museum, Dublin. Reproduced with kind permission of the Croke Park Museum, Dublin.
3. Two decorated axeheads from near Co. Mayo and Co. Donegal. Reproduced with the kind permission of the National Museum of Ireland.
4. From the fifteenth-century carving of eight armed men on Felim O'Connor's tomb frontal effigy at Roscommon Abbey. Reproduced with the kind permission of Roscommon County Council.